Under what circumstances do officers act “under the color of law,” and why is it important to understand this? Will community policing increase or decrease the number of civil liability claims? Policing in minority communities is often challenging. Please explain why and what can be done to establish confidence in policing in these communities.

Please use the readings below:

• Police & Society, Ninth Edition. Kenneth Novak, Gary Cordner, Bradley Smith, & Roy Roberg, 2022
• Chapters 3 & 4
• Police Militarization: Policy Changes and Stakeholders’ Opinions in the United States. Turner & Fox (2019)
• Chapter 2

PLEASE DO NOT USE AI.