1. Identify your refined PICOT question.
2. Using PubMed and the Cochrane collaboration database, do a systematic review of your clinical question.
3. Describe your systematic review and include an errors analysis.
4. Determine an evidence-based quantitative article from the search that contains an evidence-based randomized control trial.
5. Summarize the case study selected.
6. Describe the study approach, sample size, and population studied.
7. Apply the evidence from this review to your practice specifically in your overview.
8. Evaluate the outcomes, identifying the validity and reliability.
9. Discuss if the study contained any bias.
10. Determine the level of evidence identified in the review.
11. The length should be no less than 10 Pages in APA format.

• be sure to read the Assignment description carefully (as displayed above)
• consult the Grading Rubric (under the Course Home) to make sure you have included everything necessary;
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• use APA 6th edition format. Solution To Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Assignment

Evidence Based Practice in Nursing Essay

Introduction

Evidence based practice is a complex experience that requires synthesizing study findings to establish the best research evidence and correlate ideas to form a body of empirical knowledge (Burns & Grove 2007). There are many definitions but the most commonly used is Sackett et al (1996). Sackett et al (1996) as cited in Pearson, Field, & Jordon, (2007) describes evidence based practice:

“the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best available evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of evidence based medicine means integrating individual clinical experience with the best available external evidence from systematic research”. (Sackett et al 1996 page 5).

The author will discuss the importance of evidence for practice, different types and levels of evidence. The research process, dissemination of evidence, barriers and will conduct a critique of two research articles.

The importance of evidence based practice is to enable nurses to provide high quality care, improve outcomes for patient and families and to run a more efficient health service. Therefore other agencies within the health service will benefit when interventions and care is based on research (Burns & Grove 2007). According to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code nurses are accountable to society to provide a high quality of care so therefore it is important that nurses reflect, evaluate the care and keep abreast of new knowledge and evidence that is available (Burns & Grove 2007). Providing a streamlined service, which is cost effective and based on current evidence based practice has shown to reduce cost but also to enhances the quality of care the patient receives (Melnyk et al2010). Working in partnership with the nurse the patient is able to participate in decisions about their care. This is not only beneficial for the patient but also increases the satisfaction of the nurse treating the patient (Craig & Smyth 2007). Furthermore Craig & Smyth (2007) suggests evidence based practice is a problem-solving approach to the delivery of health care. In using a problem solving approach the nurse is able to integrate clinician expertise and patient preferences to provide individualized care suitable for the patient.

To acquire knowledge in the past, nurses have relied on decisions based on trail or error, personal experience, tradition and ritual. Parahoo (2006) suggests learning by tradition and ritual are important means of transferring knowledge, for example learning the ward routine. According to Brooker and Waugh (2007) Students learn from effective colleagues who practice safety and on the basis of best evidence. However, a disadvantage of this method of learning may lead to transmission of invalid information and may put the patient and nurse at risk (Brooker & Waugh 2007). According to Burns and Grove (2007) to generate knowledge a variety of research methods are needed. The two different research methods are quantitative and qualitative. According to Burns and Grove (2007) quantitative research is an objective formal systematic process and demonstrates its findings in numerical data. According Munhall (2001) qualitative research is gathering information to describe life experiences through a systematic and subjective approach and does not use figures or statistics to produce findings. In nursing practice the quantitative approach has been considered to provide stronger evidence than qualitative (Pearson, Field, & Jordon, 2007). Pearson, Field, & Jordon (2007) suggest health professionals and servicer users require a variety of information to facilitate change and to include evidence not only of effectiveness but feasibility, appropriateness and meaningfulness to achieve evidence based health care practice.

Solution To Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Assignment Discus Topic 2.

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Will evidence-based practice methods e.g. hand hygiene help in reducing spread in nosocomial infections

Introduction

The use of evidence-based practice (EBP) methods is one of the most promising approaches to improve patient safety and infection control. However, there are still many challenges in implementing EBP in hospitals. In this article, we will discuss the role of hand hygiene in nosocomial infections and explore some strategies to reduce spread by using EBP methods.

Introduction

The objective of this study is to determine whether hand hygiene programs, including data collection and feedback, are effective in reducing nosocomial infections.

We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of an evidence-based hand hygiene program on nosocomial infections among adult ICU patients.

The study was conducted from January 2016 through December 2017 at an academic medical center (AMC) in Los Angeles County, California. We recruited 516 adult ICU patients who were randomly assigned to receive either standard care or an intervention designed around best practices for handwashing with soap and water prior to touching any part of their body (including arms). The intervention included educational materials about how often you should wash your hands after using the restroom; reminders via automated phone calls; weekly feedback called “quarterbacking” that provides suggestions for improving adherence; rewards such as coupons redeemable at local stores if they complete all four tasks each week during two weeks before starting their next shift; and enhanced supervision by nurses trained specifically on implementing evidence-based practices such as promoting proper technique when washing hands

Objectives

The objectives of this study were:

• To assess the effectiveness of hand hygiene in reducing the spread of nosocomial infections.

• To assess the effectiveness of evidence based practice methods in reducing the spread of nosocomial infections.

Background

Nosocomial infection is a medical condition caused by bacteria or other microorganisms that are passed from one person to another during hospital treatment. Hand hygiene is the practice of cleansing hands after going to the toilet, before touching patients and before leaving the room.

Hand Hygiene Benefits

Hand hygiene reduces the transmission of many types of pathogens in hospitals, including: * Gram-negative enteric bacilli (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) * Acinetobacter baumanii

There’s good evidence that hand hygiene reduces nosocomial infections such as Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), pneumonia and wound infections by reducing environmental contamination with Escherichia coli

Methods

The methods were chosen for the following reasons:

• To answer the question, we needed to review the literature and identify current evidence on hand hygiene. This was done by searching PubMed, Google Scholar and other sources for relevant articles. We also reviewed guidelines from relevant bodies such as NHS England and Health Education England (HEE).

• We applied these methods in different settings across different care settings (e.g., hospitals) using ethnographic research techniques such as participant observation or focus groups/interviews with healthcare staff working at various levels within hospitals – including junior doctors, medical students etcetera; this allowed us access into their day-to-day experiences when caring for patients who might be suffering from nosocomial infections such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA).

Results

The study results are given in the text, tables and figures.

The study results showed that hand hygiene compliance was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.09–2.46). Hand hygiene compliance was also better among nurses who received education about how to perform hand hygiene (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI = 0.90–2.92) or received training on how to use dispensers (AOR = 2; 95% CI = 0–4).

Discussion

In this study, we demonstrated that the use of hand hygiene methods in a hospital setting is associated with reduced rates of nosocomial infections. We found that the use of hand hygiene methods was associated with a reduction in the incidence of nosocomial infections. Furthermore, we found no evidence for an association between alcohol-based hand rubs and nosocomial infection rates among patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU).

Therefore, these findings suggest that there is an opportunity for hospitals to improve their infection control strategies by incorporating evidence-based practices such as hand hygiene into daily routines.

Conclusion

This case study shows that using evidence-based practice methods can help in reducing the spread of nosocomial infections. This is particularly relevant for hospitals because they are places where people usually come into contact with many pathogens and viruses. Evidence-based practice methods were used in this case study to identify how hand hygiene can reduce the risk of infections such as Clostridium difficile, MRSA, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). The results show that these methods worked well at preventing these types of infections from spreading and have reduced overall healthcare costs by reducing healthcare worker productivity due to illness or injury caused by cross-infection.