(Use option 1)
Although Enlightenment thinkers argued that liberty was a natural human right and that reason and
scientific knowledge were responsible for human progress, these thinkers likewise laid the
foundations for a scientific racism that provided the rationale for slavery and condemned millions of
Black folks to unfreedom.
Explain how, since the conjoined birth of the Enlightenment and chattel slavery, freedom has been a
constant struggle for Black folks. Discuss, in particular, how Black folks’ struggles for liberation have
involved both acts of rebellion and acts of radical thinking, through which they developed their own
critical concepts for understanding a world defined by systemic racism. Use seven of the following:
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