The assignment should be well-written, correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling, professional appearance; citation’s when using other’s work. You need to cite each sentence or paragraph appropriately. I suggest using APA or MAL style. You should have citation for all your answers in the text in APA format.
The paper should be written as an academic paper, with 12 points font style, Times New Roman font, and double spaced, with 1 inch margins.
Papers without title will not be graded.
Students must submit their paper in the Word format to blackboard.
The paper will help students to think critically, analyze the problem (diseases) and use secondary source of data, and understand different disease model and preventative strategies.
Each student will be assigned to a non-communicable disease. The instructor will send title of the diseases to each student.
Non-communicable Disease
(Title)
1. Overview of the disease
1.1. Explain the disease in one short paragraph and explain why the disease is important from the public health perspective (make sure you cite the references in the text).
2. Statistics:
2.1. Overall prevalence of the disease in the world (among who and when and where) (you need to cite the reference in the text)
2.2. Overall prevalence of the disease in the United States (among who and when and where) (you need to cite the reference in the text)
2.3. Overall prevalence/incidence in State of New York among who and when and where) (you need to cite the reference in the text)
2.4. Compare the three levels international, national, and local level (table 1).
3. Who is the most affected in the United States? You should provide the latest statistics and explain your answer.
3.1. Prevalence of the disease-based age, gender and race/ethnic group (only for the United States). These statistics will help you to identify who is most affected.
4. Factors Associated with Disease.
4.1. List risk factors* associated with the disease.
4.1.1. Categorize listed risk factors based on the multi-causation disease model (for more information review slides in chapter 4 of the text book and see chapter four-Introduction to Community and Public Health).
4.1.2. Place the factors into the multi-causational model in appropriate level. You can draw the model and place factors into the model.
*Risk factors are characteristics which increase the chance of the disease.
*Protective factors are characteristics which decrease the chance of disease.
I. Individual factors and family factors such as personal history and biological factors affects increase or decrease chance of diseases. Examples: age, gender, race, ethnicity, occupation, behavioral choices, personality and family history
II. Environmental Factors: Examples: Physical Factors: Geography, latitude and climate, infectious disease outbreak, inadequate food production, natural environment, built environment** such as housing, health food stores, physical activity friendly neighborhood.
**The built environment influences a health outcome. For example, inaccessible or nonexistent sidewalks and bicycle or walking paths contribute to sedentary lifestyle and inactivity. Sedentary lifestyle is associated with obesity, heart disease and some types of cancer.
For more information regarding built environment watch the following link: https://youtu.be/o2omFwB1h-c
Social and Cultural Factors: Beliefs, traditions, and prejudices, health disparities, economy, health care system, policies, regulations, social norm, socioeconomic statue of the community
Students need to report the latest statics. Students need to cite the text.
Reliable source of the data.
https://www.who.int/data/gho/publications/world-health-statistics
https://www.cdc.gov/datastatistics/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/
https://gis.cdc.gov/Cancer/USCS/DataViz.html.
Table 1: Prevalence of X disease in three level: world, USA, and New York
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Age group |
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World |
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USA |
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New York |
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Table 2: Factors associated with X disease in the Unites States (this is a dummy table so you can add rows based on the factors )
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Individual/ Personal factors |
Environmental factors |
Social and Cultural Factors |
Policy |
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Table 3: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with X disease
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Modifiable risk factors |
Non-modifiable risk factors |
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Figure 1: Disease Multi-causational Model
5. Prevention :
5.1. Consider all three levels of prevention for the disease and list the current prevention actions or intervention(s) for the disease in the United States. You need to use Healthy People 2030 (https://health.gov/healthypeople) to list and analysis the current prevention strategies in the United States.
5.2. List current strategies and programs for the disease control and prevention.
5.3. List and categorize the preventative strategies based on three levels of prevention (table 4).
5.4. Discuss if the current preventative strategies are effective. Explain your answer. Why it is effective or why not effective.
5.5. What should be done to make the strategies more effective?
Table 4: List of preventative strategies for X disease (you might add more row to the tables)
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Primary prevention |
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Individual role |
Community role |
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Secondary prevention |
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Individual role |
Community role |
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Tertiary prevention |
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Individual role |
Community role |
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