Order InstructionsWeek 2 Discussion 1 – Reporting Health Statistics

Dear Class, Week 2 is challenging. Please do not separate reports about Person, Place, and Time because these all are written TOGETHER in sentences when you report Epi data! You need the year aka Tim (or years, average years) and where data came from aka Place (nation, state, county, etc) and what Persons are in the rates and numbers (all population/Total, people 65+, certain racial or ethnic groups as examples). All of these specifically are in sentences so readers understand what you are reporting! Another way is to state at the start that all data are from the U.S. for example. Then you do not need to keep repeating “in the U.S.”TRENDS are key. Report data recently compared to 20 or more years ago to show if the disease or problem is going in the right or wrong direction of staying stable. TRENDS for health statistics are essential.I also want to check that you know the difference between Primary Data vs. Secondary Data. See definitions in the Syllabus!In this Week, the Discussion criteria for grading will be these criteria or complete reporting:• Health problem using the epi model (person, place, and time) on the population affected by this problem.• Sampling methods for primary data collection about problem.• One secondary data source to collect the data about problem• One (a 2nd) secondary data source to collect the data about problem• How methods & sources influence the completeness of case identification as well as the case definition/diagnostic criteria used.This announcement is closed for commentsDESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY: DATA SOURCES AND DATA COLLECTION

Descriptive epidemiology deals with describing disease patterns using three major categories: person, place, or time (Friis & Sellers, 2021). Consider the following example:Over the last weekend, six people went to the Alcan City Hospital emergency room with similar symptoms. The laboratory results for the six patients were indicative of an infection due to Escherichia coli (E. coli). Patient interviews revealed they had all eaten a meal at Sam’s Sandwich Food Truck during the Alcan City Fair within 48 hours of going to the hospital. Further inquiries by the Alcan City public health officials identified that the source of the E. coli contamination was the lettuce that Sam’s had purchased from M&L Produce (a produce supplier located in Tempe, Arizona). Epidemiologists from the Arizona State Health Department determined that the lettuce that M&L supplied Sam’s was from a farm located in Xion, California (the key supplier for M&L Produce).Aside from the six patients who sought treatment, epidemiologists tracked down and conducted interviews with 400 of the fair attendees to identify any potential cases who did not seek treatment and compare data with those who attended but did not become ill. Interview questions pertained to descriptive aspects of the outbreak (person, place, and time). Analysis of data collected on foods eaten allowed the epidemiologists to narrow it down and identify sandwiches served by Sam’s Sandwich Food Truck at the fair on Saturday as the source of infection. Alcan City public health officials were quick to visit the food truck to inquire into their food management and handling. The food truck owner was cooperative and helpful in providing licensing, permits, operations, and sales information.Descriptive epidemiologic studies are often conducted as precursors to analytic studies. Epidemiologic concepts are used to gather data to better understand and evaluate health trends in populations. Data, such as characteristics of the persons affected, place where an incident occurred, and time of occurrence, are collected and analyzed to look for patterns in an effort to identify emerging health problems. It was in just this way that the HIV/AIDS epidemic was first identified.In this Discussion, you will apply the epidemiologic concepts of time, place, and person to a specific population health problem. You will also consider methods for obtaining data to study an issue.RESOURCES

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.WEEKLY RESOURCESRequired Readings• Curley, A. L. C. (Ed.). (2020). Population-based nursing: Concepts and competencies for advanced practice (3rd ed.). Springer.o Chapter 6, “Using Information Technology to Improve Population Outcomes”• Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2021). Epidemiology for public health practice (6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett.o Chapter 4, “Descriptive Epidemiology: Person, Place, Time”o Chapter 5, “Sources of Data for Use in Epidemiology”• National Institutes of Health National Library of Medicine. (2019). Finding and using health statistics.Links to an external site. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/stats_tutorial/cover.htmlSECONDARY DATA SOURCESUse the following resources to locate secondary data sources for this week’s Assignment:• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Data.CDC.gov: Home.Links to an external site. https://data.cdc.gov/• National Center for Health Statistics. (2015). Resources for researchers.Links to an external site. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nchs_for_you/researchers.htm• Walden University Office of Research and Doctoral Services. (n.d.). Explore existing datasets.Links to an external site. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/research-center/student-research/data-sources• World Health Organization. (2021). WHO Data collectionsLinks to an external site. [Data sets]. https://www.who.int/data/collections•

TO PREPARE:• Examine Table 2.2 in your Curley textbook. Select a topic from the table to use for this Discussion.• Locate two scholarly articles that provide background information about the problem.• Identify a specific population affected by your selected health problem.• Research the patterns of the disease in your selected population using the epidemiologic characteristics of person, place, and time.• Consider methods for obtaining data to examine the association you selected.Ask yourself: How would the methods I select influence the accuracy of case identification, definition, and diagnosis