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Study Notes Topic: Leadership Theories and Assessment Tools Field: Organizational Behavior / Psychology 1. Attributes/Trait Theories of Leadership Trait theories suggest that certain individuals possess innate qualities that make them effective leaders. These traits are relatively stable and can include: Intelligence Confidence Integrity Sociability Determination Key Idea: Leaders are born, not made. Criticism: Traits alone…
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đź“ť Study Notes Topic: Clusters and Distributions Source: Milligan, Chapter 9 Field: Data Analysis / Statistics 1. Introduction to Clusters and Distributions Clusters and distributions are key concepts in data analysis used to understand how data points are grouped and spread across a dataset. They help identify patterns, trends, and anomalies in data. 2. What…
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đź“ť Study Notes Topic: Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue Field: Healthcare Management / Nursing Leadership 1. Introduction to National Healthcare Issues and Stressors National healthcare issues are systemic challenges that affect healthcare delivery across the country. These stressors can include staffing shortages, rising healthcare costs, policy changes, mental health crises, and access disparities. They…
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Study Notes Topic: Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and Unacceptable Behaviors Field: Law Enforcement / Public Service Ethics 1. Introduction to SOPs Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are formal guidelines that outline expected conduct, responsibilities, and procedures for professionals, especially in law enforcement and public service. They ensure consistency, accountability, and ethical behavior. 2. Purpose of SOPs…
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Topic: Measurement of Conceptual Variables Field: Research Methods / Social Sciences 1. What Are Conceptual Variables? Conceptual variables are abstract ideas or constructs that researchers aim to study, such as intelligence, motivation, satisfaction, or anxiety. These variables are not directly observable and must be defined and measured through indicators or operational definitions. 2. Conceptual vs.…
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Topic: International Institutions from an International Business Perspective Field: International Business 1. Introduction to International Institutions International institutions are organizations that facilitate cooperation among countries and regulate international relations. In the context of international business, these institutions play a critical role in shaping trade policies, resolving disputes, and promoting economic development. 2. Types of International…
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đź“ť Study Notes Topic: Differentiation Plan for Exceptional Learners (EL) Field: Special Education 1. Definition of Exceptional Learners (EL) Exceptional learners are students who require specialized instructional strategies due to physical, cognitive, emotional, or behavioral differences. This includes students with disabilities, gifted learners, and those with learning challenges. 2. What Is Differentiation? Differentiation is the…
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đź“ť Study Notes Topic: Vygotsky’s Theory of Sociocultural Development Author: Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934) Field: Developmental Psychology 1. Overview of Vygotsky’s Theory Lev Vygotsky emphasized the fundamental role of social interaction and culture in cognitive development. He believed that learning is a socially mediated process and that children develop through guided participation in cultural activities. 2.…
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đź“ť Study Notes Topic: Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Author: Erik Erikson (1902–1994) Field: Developmental Psychology 1. Overview of Erikson’s Theory Erik Erikson proposed that human development occurs in eight stages across the lifespan. Each stage presents a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved for healthy psychological growth. Successful resolution leads to the development of…
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1. Overview of Piaget’s Theory Jean Piaget proposed that children progress through four distinct stages of cognitive development. Each stage reflects a different way of thinking and understanding the world. His theory emphasizes that cognitive development is a process of maturation and interaction with the environment. 2. Key Concepts Schemas: Mental frameworks that help individuals…